Severe epithelial ingrowth after pars plana vitrectomy ten years after LASIK relifting.

Epithelial ingrowth is one of the most significant complications of Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) refractive surgery. We present the case of a 72-year-old male with a history of myopic LASIK (1999), who underwent cataract surgery and a second thin LASIK sub-Bowman flap to correct refractive error. Then, three months after pars plana vitrectomy for an epiretinal membrane, the patient complained of progressive vision loss. A diffuse haze of the corneal stroma that did not exist before surgery was observed. As the main suspicion was epithelial ingrowth, the flap was lifted and meticulous de-epithelialization of the stromal bed was performed. Mitomycin C 0.02% was applied, the flap was sutured with 10-0 Nylon, and a bandage contact lens was placed. The epithelialization of the interface after vitrectomy in a patient with LASIK could occur even when it is a rare complication and without obvious flap traumatism.

Evaluación del músculo ciliar y del grosor escleral anterior en miopes altos mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica / Assessment of the ciliary muscle and scleral anterior thickness in high myopia by optical coherence tomography

Propósito: Evaluar las dimensiones del músculo ciliar (MC) y del grosor escleral anterior (AST) in vivo en miopes altos mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica de fuente de barrido (SS-OCT) y comparar con sujetos emétropes e hipermétropes.MétodosEstudio transversal en el que se incluyeron 34 miopes altos (≥−6dioptrías [D]), 90 emétropes (−1 a +1D) y 38 hipermétropes (≥+3,5D). Se midieron el grosor del MC (CMT) y el AST en los cuadrantes temporal y nasal a 1, 2 y 3mm del espolón escleral utilizando la SS-OCT. Además, se evaluó la longitud del MC (CML).ResultadosLas dimensiones tanto del CML como del CMT en cualquiera de sus puntos de medida fueron mayores en miopes altos y en emétropes que en hipermétropes, tanto en el cuadrante nasal como en el temporal (p<0,001). Sin embargo, no existieron diferencias entre miopes magnos y emétropes para ninguno de los parámetros (p≥0,076), salvo para el CMT a 3mm en temporal (p<0,001). No existieron diferencias en el AST entre miopes altos, emétropes e hipermétropes, en ninguno de los puntos de medida ni cuadrantes estudiados (p>0,05).ConclusionesLa SS-OCT permite medir el MC in vivo, no observándose diferencias en sus dimensiones entre miopes altos y emétropes, pero sí que fueron menores en hipermétropes. En la medida de la esclera anterior no se observaron diferencias entre los tres grupos analizados según la refracción. (AU)

Purpose: To assess ciliary muscle (CM) and anterior scleral thickness (AST) dimensions in vivo in high myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to compare with emmetropic and hyperopic subjects.MethodsCross-sectional study that included 34 high myopic patients (≥−6 diopters [D]), 90 emmetropes (−1 to +1D) and 38 hyperopic patients (≥+3.5D). CM thickness (CMT) and AST were measured in the temporal and nasal quadrants at 1, 2, and 3mm from the scleral spur using SS-OCT. In addition, the length of the CM (CML) was evaluated.ResultsThe dimensions of the CML and the CMT at any of their measurement points were greater in high myopes and emmetropes than in hyperopes, both in the nasal and temporal quadrants (P<.001). However, there were no differences between high myopes and emmetropes for any of the parameters (P≥.076) except for the CMT at 3mm in the temporal quadrant (P<.001). There were no differences in the AST between high myopes, emmetropes and hyperopes, in any of the measurement points or quadrants studied (P>.05).ConclusionsThe SS-OCT allows to measure the CM in vivo, not observing differences in its dimensions between high myopes and emmetropes, but they were smaller in hyperopes. In the measurement of the anterior sclera, no differences were observed between the three groups analyzed according to refraction. (AU)

Assessment of the ciliary muscle and scleral anterior thickness in high myopia by optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE: To assess ciliary muscle (CM) and anterior scleral thickness (AST) dimensions in vivo in high myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to compare with emmetropic and hyperopic subjects. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 34 high myopic patients (≥ -6 diopters [D]), 90 emmetropes (-1 to +1 D) and 38 hyperopic patients (≥ +3.5 D). CM thickness (CMT) and AST were measured in the temporal and nasal quadrants at 1, 2, and 3 mm from the scleral spur using SS-OCT. In addition, the length of the CM (CML) was evaluated. RESULTS: The dimensions of the CML and the CMT at any of their measurement points were greater in high myopes and emmetropes than in hyperopes, both in the nasal and temporal quadrants (P < .001). However, there were no differences between high myopes and emmetropes for any of the parameters (P ≥ .076) except for the CMT at 3 mm in the temporal quadrant (P < .001). There were no differences in the AST between high myopes, emmetropes and hyperopes, in any of the measurement points or quadrants studied (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The SS-OCT allows to measure the CM in vivo, not observing differences in its dimensions between high myopes and emmetropes, but they were smaller in hyperopes. In the measurement of the anterior sclera, no differences were observed between the three groups analyzed according to refraction.

Evaluación de las modificaciones biométricas del ojo durante la succión del LASIK / Assessment of the biometric modifications of the eye in LASIK during suction

Objetivo Estudiar las modificaciones biométricas del globo ocular durante la succión en la cirugía de queratomileusis in situ asistida por láser (LASIK). Métodos Estudio observacional transversal. Se estudiaron 43 pacientes intervenidos de miopía y astigmatismo miópico. La edad media fue de 38,3 ± 11,5 años, 19 eran mujeres (44,2%). Se realizó una cirugía LASIK convencional con microqueratomo manual. Antes y durante la maniobra de succión se midieron los siguientes parámetros mediante una sonda biométrica de 11 Mhz: profundidad acuosa (AQD), espesor del cristalino (EC), longitud de la cavidad vítrea (LCV) y longitud axial (LA). Se utilizó la prueba t pareada para comparar las medidas biométricas antes y durante la succión. Resultados El equivalente esférico medio fue de -4,5 ± 2,3 dioptrías. Durante la succión, la AQD no aumentó significativamente (p = 0,231). Sin embargo, la LA y LCV aumentaron en 0,12 mm y 0,2 mm, respectivamente (p = 0,039 y < 0,01) y EC disminuyó en 0,20 mm (p < 0,01). La LA aumentó en 42% de los ojos y disminuyó en 16%, mientras que la LCV aumentó en 70% de los ojos y disminuyó en 9%, y el EC se redujo en 67% de los ojos. Conclusiones Las maniobras de succión durante la cirugía LASIK producen cambios de poca magnitud en el globo ocular, principalmente disminución de EC y aumento de LCV y LA. Por lo tanto, es esperable que estas modificaciones produzcan alteraciones anatómicas mínimas (AU)

Purpose To study the biometric modifications of the eyeball during suction in laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods Observational and cross-sectional study. We studied 43 patients who underwent surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Mean age was 38.3±11.5 years, and 19 were female (44.2%). Conventional LASIK surgery with a manual microkeratome was performed. Before and during the suction maneuvre the following parameters were measured using an 11 MHz biometric probe: aqueous depth (AQD), lens thickness (LT), vitreous cavity length (VCL) and axial length (AXL). Paired t-test was used to compare the biometric measurements before and during suction. Results The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was −4.5±2.3 diopters. During suction, the AQD did not change significantly (p = 0.231). However, AXL and VCL increased by 0.12 mm and 0.22 mm respectively (p = 0.039 and <0.01) and LT decreased by 0.20 mm (p<0.01). AXL increased in 42% of the eyes and decreased in 16%, VCL increased in 70% of the eyes and decreased in 9%, and the LT was reduced in 67% of the eyes. Conclusions Suction maneuvres during LASIK surgery produce changes of little magnitude in the eye globe, mainly a decrease in LT and an increase in VCL and AXL. Therefore, these modifications are expected to produce minimal anatomic alterations (AU)

Assessment of the biometric modifications of the eye in LASIK during suction.

PURPOSE: To study the biometric modifications of the eyeball during suction in Laser assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: Observational and cross-sectional study. We studied 43 patients who underwent surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Mean age was 38.3 ±â€¯11.5 years, and 19 were female (44.2%). Conventional LASIK surgery with a manual microkeratome was performed. Before and during the suction maneuvre the following parameters were measured using an 11 Mhz biometric probe: aqueous depth (AQD), lens thickness (LT), vitreous cavity length (VCL) and axial length (AXL). Paired t-test was used to compare the biometric measurements before and during suction. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was -4.5 ±â€¯2.3 diopters. During suction, the AQD did not change significantly (p = 0.231). However, AXL and VCL increased by 0.12 mm and 0.22 mm respectively (p = 0.039 and <0.01) and LT decreased by 0.20 mm (p < 0.01). AXL increased in 42% of the eyes and decreased in 16%, VCL increased in 70% of the eyes and decreased in 9%, and the LT was reduced in 67% of the eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Suction maneuvres during LASIK surgery produce changes of little magnitude in the eye globe, mainly a decrease in LT and an increase in VCL and AXL. Therefore, these modifications are expected to produce minimal anatomic alterations.

Atrofia coriorretiniana pigmentada paravenosa de presentación unifocal y unilateral / Unifocal and unilateral pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy

La atrofia coriorretiniana pigmentada paravenosa es una entidad infrecuente, asociada a enfermedades autoinmunes y otras complicaciones oculares, generalmente multifocal, bilateral y simétrica. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente con artritis reumatoide que acude por dolor de varios días. Presenta disminución de agudeza visual de ojo izquierdo, escleritis nodular y atrofia coriorretiniana con acumulación de pigmento en espículas óseas en arcada vascular temporal inferior y agujero macular lamelar. El ojo derecho no presenta alteraciones. La autofluorescencia del ojo izquierdo muestra hipoautofluorescencia de bordes definidos en la lesión. La angiografía con fluoresceína evidencia hiperfluorescencia compatible con degeneración del epitelio pigmentario retiniano y bloqueo en las áreas de pigmento. El campo visual revela un defecto altitudinal en hemicampo superior. Este caso describe una atrofia coriorretiniana pigmentada paravenosa atípica unifocal y unilateral. Se debe conocer esta variante para realizar un correcto diagnóstico diferencial, así como proporcionar una información pronóstica adecuada (AU)

Paravenous pigmented chorioretinal atrophy is a generally multifocal, bilateral and symmetric rare entity associated with autoimmune diseases and other ocular complications. We present the clinical case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who attended for pain of several days. He presented decreased visual acuity of the left eye, nodular scleritis and chorioretinal atrophy with pigment accumulation in bone spicules in the inferior temporal vascular arcade and lamellar macular hole. The right eye shows no alterations. LE autofluorescence shows a hypoautofluorescence lesion with defined edges. Fluorescein angiography shows hyperfluorescence consistent with retinal pigmentary epithelial degeneration and blockage in pigment areas. The visual field reveals a defect in the superior hemifield. This case describes an atypical unifocal and unilateral paravenous pigmented chorioretinal atrophy. This variant must be known to make a correct differential diagnosis, as well as to provide adequate prognostic information (AU)

Unifocal and unilateral pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy.

Paravenous pigmented chorioretinal atrophy (PPRCA) is a generally multifocal, bilateral and symmetric rare entity associated with autoimmune diseases and other ocular complications. We present the clinical case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who attended for pain of several days. He presented decreased visual acuity of the left eye (LE), nodular scleritis and chorioretinal atrophy with pigment accumulation in bone spicules in the inferior temporal vascular arcade and lamellar macular hole (AML). The right eye shows no alterations. LE autofluorescence (AF) shows a hypoautofluorescence lesion with defined edges. Fluorescein angiography (FAG) shows hyperfluorescence consistent with retinal pigmentary epithelial degeneration and blockage in pigment areas. The visual field (VC) reveals a defect in the superior hemifield. This case describes an atypical unifocal and unilateral PPRCA. This variant must be known to make a correct differential diagnosis, as well as to provide adequate prognostic information.

Agreement between optical coherence and Scheimpflug tomography: Vault measurements and reproducibility after implantable collamer lens implantation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the agreement between Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam, Oculus) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT, RTVue 100, Optovue) as well as the reproducibility of each technique in assessing the lens-ICL distance (vault) after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation. METHODS: The vault was measured manually with Scheimpflug tomography and AS-OCT. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine the reproducibility of measurements and the agreement between them. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of differences in vault measurements between devices. RESULTS: 80 eyes of 46 ICL patients were analyzed. Mean patient age was 33.8±7.4 years (range, 21 to 51), and 27 (59%) were women. The preoperative spherical equivalent refraction ranged from -26 to 8.5 diopters (D). The mean vault measured by AS-OCT was 558.8±240.2µm (range, 162 - 1220) vs. 430.1±215.3µm (range, 0 to 1070) by Pentacam. AS-OCT yielded vault values, on average, 128.1±64.6µm higher than the Pentacam (range, -22 to 293µm). The ICC values for consistency and absolute agreement were 0.960 and 0.928, respectively. Reproducibility of vault measurements was excellent for both devices (ICC≥0.946). Four parameters-vault, pupil diameter (PD), PD differences between devices, and preoperative spherical equivalent refraction-were significant predictors of differences in vault measurements (adjusted-R2=0.412; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Agreement between AS-OCT and Pentacam for vault measurement was good. Vaults were higher when measured by AS-OCT. These differences are clinically relevant, and therefore these devices cannot be used interchangeably to measure vault.

Evaluación de los cambios en la mácula y en el nervio óptico mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica en pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad / Assessment of changes in the macula and optic nerve head using optical coherence tomography in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

INTRODUCCIÓN: Determinar si existen diferencias en el grosor macular y papilar mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) en pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) comparando con un grupo control, evaluando además si existen diferencias entre pacientes con TDAH con y sin tratamiento. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en el que se incluyó a 92 ojos de 46 pacientes, divididos en 2 grupos: 46 ojos de 23 pacientes con TDAH y un grupo control de 46 ojos de 23 sujetos. El grupo de pacientes con TDAH se subdividió en aquellos con tratamiento con metilfenidato o derivados (n = 28) y aquellos sin tratamiento (n = 18). Se midió el grosor macular, el complejo de células ganglionares (CCG) y la capa de fibras nerviosas de la retina (CFNR) a nivel papilar en 12 sectores. RESULTADOS: Se observó un menor grosor macular central en los TDAH que en controles (257,4 ± 20 μm vs. 267,5 ± 20 μm; p = 0,013), no observándose diferencias en el CCG (p ≥ 0,566), ni en la CFNR (p ≥ 0,095). En los pacientes con TDAH con y sin tratamiento no se observaron diferencias en el grosor macular ni en el CCG (p ≥ 0,160 y 0,375, respectivamente), pero se objetivó un menor grosor foveal (p = 0,018) y de la CFNR en 5/12 sectores a nivel papilar (p ≤ 0,033) en aquellos sin tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: Se observó un menor grosor macular en los pacientes con TDAH que en controles. Además, los pacientes con TDAH sin tratamiento presentaron un menor grosor foveal y de la CFNR que aquellos pacientes en tratamiento

INTRODUCTION: To assess if there are any differences in macular and papillary thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with a control group, including if there are differences between ADHD patients with and without treatment. METHODS: Prospective observational study including 92 eyes of 46 patients divided into 2 groups: 46 eyes of 23 patients with ADHD, and a control group of 46 eyes of 23 healthy patients. The group of patients with ADHD was subdivided into those on treatment with methylphenidate (n = 28) and those not on treatment (n = 18). The macular thickness, the ganglion cell complex (GCC), and the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) at the papillary level were measured in 12 sectors. RESULTS: A lower central macular thickness was observed in the ADHD patients than in the controls (257.4 ±20 μm versus 267.5 ±20 μm, P = .013), with no differences observed in the GCC (P=.566), or in the RNFL (P = .095). There were no differences in the patients with ADHD with and without treatment, as regards macular thickness and the GCC (P = .160 and P = .375 respectively), but a lower foveal thickness (P = .018) and RNFL in 5/12 sectors at the papillary level (P = .033) were observed in those without treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A lower macular thickness was observed in patients with ADHD than in controls. In addition, patients with ADHD without treatment had a lower thickness of the fovea and RNFL than those patients on treatment

Assessment of changes in the macula and optic nerve head using optical coherence tomography in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. / Evaluación de los cambios en la mácula y en el nervio óptico mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica en pacientes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad.

INTRODUCTION: To assess if there are any differences in macular and papillary thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with a control group, including if there are differences between ADHD patients with and without treatment. METHODS: Prospective observational study including 92 eyes of 46 patients divided into 2 groups: 46 eyes of 23 patients with ADHD, and a control group of 46 eyes of 23 healthy patients. The group of patients with ADHD was subdivided into those on treatment with methylphenidate (n=28) and those not on treatment (n=18). The macular thickness, the ganglion cell complex (GCC), and the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) at the papillary level were measured in 12 sectors. RESULTS: A lower central macular thickness was observed in the ADHD patients than in the controls (257.4±20µm versus 267.5±20µm, P=.013), with no differences observed in the GCC (P=.566), or in the RNFL (P=.095). There were no differences in the patients with ADHD with and without treatment, as regards macular thickness and the GCC (P=.160 and P=.375 respectively), but a lower foveal thickness (P=.018) and RNFL in 5/12 sectors at the papillary level (P=.033) were observed in those without treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A lower macular thickness was observed in patients with ADHD than in controls. In addition, patients with ADHD without treatment had a lower thickness of the fovea and RNFL than those patients on treatment.

Agreement between Pentacam and optical coherence tomography in the assessment of iridocorneal angle width in a large healthy population.

PURPOSE: To analyze the agreement between Pentacam and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the assessment of trabecular-iris angle (TIA) width in a large population of normal subjects. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 989 right eyes of 989 healthy subjects. The trabecular-iris angle (TIA) was measured in the temporal and nasal quadrants using the Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), a device based on Scheimpflug technology and RTVue 100 OCT (Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate agreement between these devices. RESULTS: Mean age was 49.1±15.2 years (18-84); 61% were women and spherical error range was -14 to 8.25. TIA could be measured by OCT in 94.9% and 94.1% in the temporal and nasal quadrants, with a mean value of 35.8±13.2 degrees (2.5-78.7) and 35.7±12.9 degrees (2.2-76.8) respectively. TIA was able to be measured by Pentacam in 95.2% and 95% in the temporal and nasal quadrants and means were 35.7±7.3 degrees (11-74.2) and 36.4±8.2 degrees (14.5-64) respectively. An ICC of 0.378 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.322-0.431) and 0.589 (95% CI 0.546-0.629) for the temporal and nasal quadrants was obtained, showing moderate agreement between the devices. Bland-Altman plots revealed that, compared with OCT, Pentacam tends to overestimate measurements in narrow angles and underestimate these in open angles. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement between OCT and Pentacam was mediocre, indicating the two devices are not interchangeable when used to measure angle width.